C. average One thing you ask yourself is whether you have ever seen him explode in anger at anyone else, or in other kinds of situations. D. an external locus of control, High school students who finished near the top of their class are more likely to experience a threat to their academic self-esteem if they attend a: D. low self-efficacy, The sense of hopelessness and resignation learned when a human or animal perceives no control over repeated negative events is called: This is an example of what social psychology phenomenon? B. success and distance ourselves from failure Our family and friends are more likely to be similar to us and share many of the same beliefs and behaviors. Ingrid is highly educated, nerdy, and outspoken. She figured it would only take two days to write the paper so she did not start it until two days before it was due. Basically, you feel less restraint and you forget about moral values and act spontaneously. The tendency for people to overestimate the link between variables that are related only slightly or not at all is known as the conjunction fallacy. This is because, in general, 3-year-olds. B. low self-esteem More conformity is observed from a person that is of lesser status than the other group members. Positives and Negatives of the Self-Serving Bias C. low; high The teacher is probably trying to. -people usually do not "adjust" enough away from their anchors. B. self-handicapping D. social roles, Doug explained his "A" in biology as being the result of hard work and intelligence. C. self-esteem Population. This future self-schema you imagine is an example of a/an: The simulation heuristic tends to invoke __________ thinking. consistency is perceived to be high, but consensus and distinctiveness are perceived to be low. When people make external, unstable attributions for others' successes or failures, these attributions tend to concern questions of, Madisons is taking a freshman seminar at her university. C. independent How does the "door-in-the-face" compliance technique work? The false consensus effect is the phenomenon and tendency to overestimate the degree to which other people will agree with you, think like you, and behave like you. D. popular song lyrics today are more likely to use "we" and "us" than 20 years ago, D. popular song lyrics today are more likely to use "we" and "us" than 20 years ago, Persons from western cultures (e.g., America, England), relative to persons from eastern cultures (e.g., China, Korea), tend to: Attractive request -> more attractive request. A. individual achievement. Greg finds out that his application was flat out rejected (he never had a chance), while Marsha finds out that she was the first runner up (she nearly won). B. low self-esteem B. weak Shortage is caused by issues pertaining to real goods and. The so-called "gambler's fallacy" refers to. This could be an example of: What did the "Astroten" study demonstrate? One of his disciples makes an internal attribution for the fall. You have created 2 folders. Group polarization refers to the tendency for a group to make decisions that are more extreme than the initial inclination of its members. B. we are more vulnerable to depression The false consensus effect, or consensus bias, is the social psychological finding that people tend to assume that others agree with them. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1. Think of it like this. She had assumed that everyone felt as she did and supported her candidate's ideas. B. compared to 20 years ago, fewer love songs today are considered "sappy love songs" Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory proposes that people change their attitudes to reduce the cognitive discomfort created by inconsistencies between their attitudes and their behavior. It seems as though both Jules and Jim are "seeing" different things when reading the book review. people who share That is, one of the things you ask about is. A. individualism Three-year-old children tend to think that the Stroop test is really easy, as compared to 6-year-old children, 12-year-old children, or adults. made about groups, made about individuals. C. attempting to present a favorable image to an external audience Two studies adopted a traditional false consensus paradigm and investigated the relative magnitude of the FCE between the two cultures in three different categories of personal choices (Study 1) and behavioral choices involving hypothetical conflict situations (Study 2). Under the gamblers fallacy, the person would think that the next ou Purchasing New Cars come with a better Outcome C. self-serving bias This study explored the cultural differences in the false consensus effect (FCE) between Koreans and European Americans. D. social relationships help to define our self. A. effort and fewer self doubts will help us succeed B. it makes us feel less vulnerable to risks such as AIDS Before the rise of social cognition, the field of social psychology was dominated by, When people make internal, stable attributions for others' successes or failures, these attributions tend to concern questions of, When people want to suppress a thought, the automatic mind works to. . Even though stomach cancer kills more people than plane crashes do, most people tend to assume that plane crashes cause more deaths. B. the false consensus effect. You and a friend are visiting a new city and would like to splurge and go out for a fine meal. . We and our partners store and/or access information on a device, such as cookies and process personal data, such as unique identifiers and standard information sent by a device for personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, and audience insights, as well as to develop and improve products. Montana has a great handfour aceswhile Sarah's hand is just averagea 2 of hearts, a 3 of spades, a 5 of spades, and a 7 of clubs. A. personality Obedience to authority is ingrained in us all from the way we are brought up. The three factors that impact conformity are unanimity of the group, mode of responding, and status of group members. the tendencey to overestimate the commonality of one's opinions and one's undesirable or unsuccessful behaviors. C. rewards and distance ourselves from punishment C. independent False consensus effect: When we overestimate how much other people share our perspective or preferences. A. you are the best predictor of your behaviors He suggested that most people explain everyday events in terms of either __________ or __________. You flip a coin ten times in a row. Attribution is the process by which people explain their own behavior and the behavior of others. D. variabel (depending on if it is related to school or not), Which saying reflects the false consensus effect? C. much less prejudiced than others D. Most psychology research has taken cultural differences into consideration. This is an example of, When William James spoke of "wakening the associations," he was referring to, According to a study in Europe, women who take their husbands name tend to earn about __ as much as women who keep their birth name, Research on the anchoring and adjustment heuristic indicates that. When you go to a restaurant, you know that there is a certain sequence of things that you need to do: (a) wait to be seated, (b) order, (c) eat, and then (d) pay. D. the self-serving bias, The habit of using how we imagine another person perceiving us, as a mirror for perceiving ourselves, is referred to as: Mr. X thinks that George W. Bush became president of the U.S. becauseeven though he is not that brilliant or talentedhe made a real effort to campaign well in both 2000 and 2004. Business Driven Technology Quizlet. How does the status of group members impact conformity? [3] Also, participants were told either (a) that the essay-writer got to choose which side to take (pro- or anti-), or (b) that the essay-writer was ASSIGNED to one side or the other. D. lower the standards by which we evaluate our own attainments, C. raise the standards by which we evaluate our own attainments, A study by Gilovich, Medvec, and Savitsky (2000) had undergraduate students enter a room wearing Barry Manilow T-shirts. For example: Thinking that other people share your opinion on controversial topics; Overestimating the number of people who are similar to you; Andrew's belief demonstrates: Images of what we dream of or dread becoming in the future are called our: According to the self-serving bias, we tend to attribute our successes to _______ and our losses to _______. The false- uniqueness effect can be compared to the false-consensus effect. How did Asch's study prove the concept of normative social influence? Which of the following is the BEST example of a schema? A. high self-esteem False; State True or False: ANCOVA is often used to test the null hypothesis of no intervention effect in the context of an impact evaluation using pretest-post test control-group design with a continuous dependent variable. Chloe dyes her hair blue and goes to school. When most people think of the concept "sleeping," they also tend to think about concepts like "dreaming," "being tired," and "yawning." However, some people who saw media reports on the hurricane victims did not understand this. As discussed in the textbook, research participants who read a story about a character named "Donald"a character who engages in skydiving, demolition derby driving, and other similar activitiestend to think that Donald is especially reckless when, -they have been primed with words like "dangerous" and "risky. You have just spent the afternoon volunteering in the post-anesthesia recovery unit at the local hospital, helping patients with a variety of ailments. This is the False Uniqueness Definition that is shared across psychological research. B. they quit working in class because they feel so bad D. no different about their speech, B. better about their speech and appearance, Which of the following is FALSE? A. protecting one's self-image by creating an excuse for later failure. A. positively In an observational study, statisticians impose a treatment on the subjects. Every single time it comes up heads. B. unrealistic optimism. Whenever Yael thinks about bad things happening to her ex-boyfriend, she gets "creeped out;" she feels like she will actually make bad things happen to him just by thinking about it. He wants to be the "cool dad" but fears that he will be a harsh disciplinarian like his father was. You have no idea how old he is. C. U.S. children today report more positive self-feelings than those growing up in the 1960s and 1970s _____ what others think about your nervousness. A. social rank Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Development, Life-Span Approach, Normative age graded influences and more. Knowing what you do about individualism and collectivism, you can conclude that your neighbor is likely to be a political: Research indicates that __________ and __________ are the two main motivations underlying the self-serving bias. Halfway through the second day Carmen was devastated; she wasn't even halfway done yet! B. collectivists; individualists According to Harold Kelley's attribution theory, people are MOST likely to make internal attributions for others' behaviors when. Informational social influence is influence that stems from our desire to be correct in situations in which the correct action of judgment is uncertain. C. impression management Narcissists value: Knowing what you do about individualism and collectivism, you can conclude that your neighbor is likely to be a political: A. internal They forget that there is a difference between the level of knowledge they have on the topic compared to . D. the tendency to see oneself as superior to others. overestimate the number of people who agree with them. people who share one's most prized. T/F The self-serving bias refers to people's tendency to think that others are more similar to them than they really are when it comes to their faults and weaknesses. B. self-monitoring Certain mode of responding, like public, verbal reports, leads to more conformity, whereas secret ballots lead to less conformity. B. self-monitoring D. the defensive pessimism. How does the "That's-not-all" compliance technique work? It seems counterintuitive after all, people are usually better at d First, the given words prime thoughts of elderly, which in turn prime an elderly-related behaviour, walking slowly. carefully and rationally thinks about each and every decision. Elenita is from a relatively sheltered background. However, if this attempted thought suppression results in ironic processing, then Yesi will end up. What decision barriers must marketers overcome if consumers are aware of the Diderot effect? B. low self-esteem B. small, non-competitive university A) approval; knowledge B) knowledge; approval C) compliance; conformity D) conformity; compliance, Some critics of Milgram's study, such as Haslam and his colleagues, have suggested that the behavior of the participants can be . She loves to read, surf the web, hike, go camping, and cook vegetarian meals. C. individuality C. self-esteem Most psychology research has used middle-class White American respondents. D. pete's roommate, Self-monitoring is: external attributions, internal attributions. A. high self-esteem B. we are more vulnerable to depression Jules and Jim are reading a book review about a book that both of them have read. In a famous early study in social psychology, fans of two rival football teams were asked to watch footage of an actual game that was very close. D. punishment and distance ourselves from rewards. He's afraid of being unemployed and alone. She rarely claims that she is unable to complete an assignment and is academically successful. When Maya was 3 years old, she was swarmed by bees. D. no one is, You overhear a neighbor say that she believes gay marriage should be illegal and she favors tax cuts for the wealthy. This is an example of: D. individualism, Doug explained his "A" in biology as being the result of hard work and intelligence. The essay was always about Castro, but it was either pro-Castro or anti-Castro. D. genetics, The truth concerning self-efficacy encourages us not to resign ourselves to bad situations. 10. The false consensus bias is the tendency to see our own attitudes, beliefs and behavior as being typical. They also thought: "These people only have themselves to blame; they really should have packed up when they heard the hurricane warnings." B. B. the unrealistic optimism about future life events. This was early evidence of the phenomenon known as. Although he has just slowed his vehicle to the speed limit, he considers himself the "only one on the road" who is obeying the speed limit. B. better about their speech and appearance Believing that other people think and act the same way we do can be beneficial to our self-esteem. C. it can motivate us to achieve the false uniqueness effect is quizlet dr thomas horn wikipedia. Later, his fianc tells him that her parents were unimpressed with him. What are the three situational factors that impact conformity? is the tendency to underestimate the extent others actually possess the same attributes or talents and positive traits as yourself. C. immune neglect Suppose that a coin is flipped 20 times. C. average While it might well be the case that the reading program actually negatively impacted the students' reading ability, Mr. Yipol would be wise to consider that the decrease could be due to __________. -men and women seem to use different techniques to count sex partners, and seem to define "sex" slightly differently. That is, you might __________ and rely on the __________. Add to folder Examples of false consensus effect include believing that all people think that saving the environment is important because you feel that way, believing that all of your married friends must want to have children, because you believe that the only benefit of marriage is procreation, believing that all of your friends In Asch's study, the correct answer/behavior was obvious and when making such judgments alone, almost no mistakes were made. In informal surveys, people always overestimate the number of lesbians who have AIDS. Her last relationship ended after 6 months and she is strongly motivated to make this relationship last longer. Lesbians actually have extremely low rates of AIDS, but people tend to associate lesbians with gay men (who have relatively high rates). However, researchers have also found that. This thought is an example of, The tendency for people to overestimate the link between variables that are related only slightly or not at all is known as, Within the field of social cognition, scripts can be thought of as, A well-known test used in psychological research plays on the distinction between automatic and controlled processing. The ultimate attribution error is similar to the fundamental attribution error except that it refers to attributions that are __________ as opposed to __________. ", Dr. Canne wants to encourage Kirk to lose weight. This relates to the diffusion of responsibility, because no one person had the full responsibility to help. A. small, selective university A. Joel who lives in Hawaii D. knowing others better than we know ourselves, In what type of culture would a threat to our personal identity (such as having someone tell us we are dumb or weird) cause us to be more upset than a threat to our collective identity (such as having someone ridicule students)? the tendency to underestimate the extent to which others possess the same beliefs and attributes as oneself or engage in the same behaviors, particularly when these characteristics or behaviors are positive or socially desirable. -internal and unstable, external and unstable, The so-called "Sports Illustrated jinx"the tendency for athletes to experience a dip in performance directly after appearing on the cover of Sports Illustratedcan be BEST explained by. Yesi and her boyfriend have just broken up, and Yesi has been deeply upset about the breakup for several days. . B. social comparison In Exercises 282828 through 353535, use a Taylor polynomial of specified degree nnn to approximate the indicated quantity. When actually asked such questions, women more often experienced: C. progressives; traditionalists B. specific; inflated false-uniqueness effect. D. social identity, Blaming the tree for getting in your way after you crashed the car is an example of: We tend to think that others would agree with us or see things our way. In this study, participants were asked to read an essay that was supposedly written by another student. The older students get, the more variance there is in their reading test scores. She assumes that the students will stare at her and comment on her hair color. The belief that people can control totally chance situations is the. -You have a general sense of what cats are like, how they behave, and how they are different from other animals. B. conservative Many people don't quit smoking despite all the negative health information available. Is the last flip more likely to be heads, more likely to be tails, or equally likely to be heads or tails? B. negative What is the difference between internal attribution and external attribution? B. external When confronted with his behavior he argues "Well, half the drivers in that lane are alone too." redirect attention away from the unpleasant thought. 41%; 90% D. see ourselves as better than the average person, D. see ourselves as better than the average person, According to Wilson and Gilbert (2003), people have the greatest difficulty predicting _______ of their future emotions. -both as a result of graduate training involving statistical reasoning, and when they are encouraged to carefully consider different alternatives. A. individualists; collectivists D. the tendency to see oneself as superior to others. . Language is richer in situation-type terms than trait terms. A. hoped-for possible self C. large, selective university If we persist despite initial failures: Compared to their performance when alone, when in the presence of others, they tend to perform better on simple or well-rehearsed tasks and worse on complex or new ones. Credit Solution Experts Incorporated offers quality business credit building services, which includes an easy step-by-step system designed for helping clients build their business credit effortlessly. Social Psychology Midterm - Flashcards Get access to high-quality and unique 50 000 college essay examples and more than 100 000 flashcards and test answers from around the world! That is, one of the things you are likely to ask about is, Roger is a member of his town's most exclusive country club. A. self-handicapping D. explicit, An example of how social comparisons can actually breed misery, rather than satisfaction, is when we; B. our surrounding culture D. neither you nor the people who know you can predict your behaviors or the fates of your relationships, C. the people who know you can probably predict your behaviors better than you, You prefer that professors post exam scores (by identification number), rather than returning them individually. The false uniqueness effect occurs when. Sociology is interested in how the group behaves and how groups interact with each other and society. D. have no idea, Most people perceive themselves as: D. other-centered, The extent to which we evaluate our abilities and opinions by comparing ourselves to others is called: Recently, Krueger and Clement (1997; see also Krueger, 1998) argued that the simple assumption that all respondents believe they are in the majority, regardless of true major-ity status, can account for both the false consensus effect and the uniqueness bias. A. chance; skill C. everyday hassles The false consensus effect, the illusory correlation, and the first instinct fallacy are all examples of topics in __________ research. This may sound complicated, but it simply means . On the eleventh flip, is it more likely to be heads, tails, or are heads and tails equally likely ? Coin tossing is a guessing game or by luck to see which comes up, heads or ta Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards; Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card; audio not yet available for this language. Cram has partnered with the National Tutoring Association. B. the unrealistic optimism about future life events A. self-handicapping That is, both of them seem to be engaging in, Sometimes people blow on dice when playing a board game to make sure they get the numbers they need to advance in the game. Similarly, instead of seeing two dogs, such people might see "a small tan animal with fur and a large brown object with its tongue hanging out." Because most people are cognitive misers, they tend to __________ as little as possible. C. individuality He plays golf, has a private stable with horses, owns a jet, and is thinking about buying an island. Question 20 The false uniqueness effect is: A. the anticipation of problems to motivate effective action. The false uniqueness effect is: the tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors. C. self-serving bias Wing Tung is using ____ to improve his thinking. A. decreases B. feared self 16 ce tv He then selects the 5 students with the highest scores for a special reading program. A. self-concept; self-schema If you ask Raquel about her stocks, she makes self-serving attributions; she says: "I was very clever to invest in that first company, but I just had bad luck losing so much money with the other one." C. jill's roommate The False Uniqueness Effect suggests that we are not so accurate after all. C. the competitor as disadvantaged in comparison to us The false consensus effect. C. they move on and try to do better C. self-efficacy D. emotions, Which of the following is false? B. experience great difficulty Even though the statistical probability of both hands is the same, many people (incorrectly) assume that Montana's exact hand is rarer than Sarah's exact hand. If you are a hot hand player, you will answer. The so-called illusory correlation can MOST directly help explain. We'll bring you back here when you are done. By choosing (b), people are engaging in, The Stroop test can be thought of as a demonstration of. By choosing (b), however, most people are committing, As a child, the Russian writer Leo Tolstoy was once challenged by his older brother to remain standing in a corner until he could stop thinking of a white bear. D. self-concept, Joe was delighted when his favorite team won the Super Bowl. According to Harold Kelley's attribution theory, when consistency and consensus are both perceived to be low. Recall the "Castro study" conducted by Jones and Harris. Josh's wishes and fears constitute his: C. 50%; 50% B. individual achievement and relationships. Put Quizlet study sets to work when you prepare for tests in False Uniqueness Effect and other concepts today. D. either excel or fail, depending on the situation, Mark knows that he is an excellent liar but he doesn't feel very good about himself in general. C. worse about their appearance while speaking C. the tendency to see our talents and moral behaviors as relatively unusual B. the competitor as superior to us -people rely on irrational thinking the vast majority of the time, but are still capable of engaging in careful, conscious thought when they need to make important decisions. Encouraging people to rely more on their memories. A. self-esteem -"Another Great Professor Let Go as a Result of Budget Cuts", The term "cognitive miser" was coined to refer to. C. self-esteem A. the anticipation of problems to motive effective action. This is an example of: . to underestimate the number of other. B. low self-esteem That is, it can be __________ in different ways. B. view everyone as relatively average A. self-schemas the tendency. A. failure and distance ourselves from success. C. self-concerns motivate our social behavior. Consider a person betting on coin tosses, and the previous five outcomes were all Heads. Comformity is a change in behavior, belief, or both, to conform to a group norm as a result of real or imagined group pressure. A. underestimate Explain the difference between screening decisions and preference decisions. phobias, panic disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. mate, we observe the false consensus effect. people who share one's most prized. He decides to stick with D probably because of, Your friend Roger has recently been promoted at work to senior vice president. That is, when they think about "sleeping," related concepts are __________. B. terror management theory B. A role comes socially expected pattern of behavior for it, which impact both behavior and attitudes. How can you change an implicit attitude? A. excel. In that class, the teacher works with students to help them identify the criteria they use to make decisions, and points out how some of the criteria might not produce the desired outcomes. D. it helps to buffer stress, B. it makes us feel less vulnerable to risks such as AIDS, Saying "I earned an A on my psychology test" versus "My instructor gave me a C on my psychology test" exemplifies how we associate ourselves with: D. low, Carmen was assigned a term paper at the start of her Social Psychology class. Within the field of social cognition, the term "priming" refers to, Montana and Sarah are playing cards. Jorge just received an A+ on a physics exam. C. be happier when the members of their gourd succeed This is because many of them were extremely poor, did not own cars or phones, and did not have friends or family nearby; it was virtually impossible for them to evacuate the hurricane area when they heard the hurricane warnings. C. ignore our strengths and focus on their strengths Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Touch is the most functional sense at birth. B. self-serving bias B. less attractive than others On the day they arrive at his home to meet him, he greets them in ripped sweat pants and a stained T-shirt. characteristics and abilities. A. individualistic B. more negatively B. self-handicapping Research demonstrates that, in counterfactual thinking, people engage in far more __________ than __________. B. self-efficacy B. he is demonstrating false modesty She is convinced that everyone knows it was her. C. social rank Thus, people tend to think that they see a lesbian-AIDS relationship when in fact there is no such relationship. It is the tendency to anticipate problems and motivate effective coping. The false-uniqueness effect is an attributional type of cognitive bias in social psychology that describes how people tend to view their qualities, traits, and personal attributes as unique when in reality they are not. How does the fundamental attribution error (FAE) differ from the actor-observer effect (AOE)? It appears that people with this kind of brain damage, Research on the brain sizes of humans and other animals shows that. Social psychology is the study of people in a group. This misconception seems to arise from __________, since plane crash fatalities tend to be widely publicized and are therefore relatively easy for people to bring to mind. D. self-serving bias, Studies of "affective forecasting" required participants to predict their future: the tendency. C. defensive pessimism Yet Joe persists in his belief that people from "up north" are snobby. Whenever you smell coconut oil, you tend to think about your recent vacation in the Bahamas (where you and your friends used lots of coconut suntan oil).